Studies, research findings, and interesting tidbits from the ever-expanding scientific world.
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Deep Look at the Sun
This image, which combines observations from several telescopes, highlights the active and flaming regions of our Sun. High-energy X-rays from the NuSTAR Space Telescope are shown in blue, low-energy X-rays from Japan's Hinode spacecraft are green, and extreme.....
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Imaging Exocomet Belts: A Breakthrough Study
Website: https://joshuniverse.com/imaging-exocomet-belts-a-breakthrough-study/
Astrophysicists led by a team from Trinity College Dublin have made a groundbreaking discovery in the realm of astrophysics by imaging a large number of exocomet belts surrounding nearby stars. This research, deemed pivotal, marks the first time that such a substantial number of these mysterious structures have been captured in high-resolution images, revealing not only the belts themselves but also the tiny millimeter-sized pebbles embedded within them. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of this significant advancement in space science.
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Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A
Astronomy Picture of The Day 1/17/25
Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives. Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth's sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star's cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb's detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.
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SpaceX Catches Booster But Loses Ship in Starship Test Flight
SpaceX's seventh flight test of its massive Starship launch system brought both thrilling advancements and unexpected challenges. Notably, the Super Heavy booster successfully returned to the launch site and was caught by the launch tower's "chopstick" arms, while the upper stage, known as Ship 33, experienced a critical failure during its ascent.
Article: https://joshuniverse.com/spacex-starship-flight-booster-success-ship-loss/
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NASA's Pandora to Illuminate Exoplanet Atmospheres
Nasa's Pandora mission is set to explore the atmospheres of distant exoplanets, adding to the growing portfolio of extraterrestrial investigation. This article provides an in-depth analysis of Pandora's objectives, milestones, and the significance of its mission in the context of modern astronomy.
https://joshuniverse.com/nasas-pandora-to-illuminate-exoplanet-atmospheres/
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Astronomy Picture of The Day - Jan 16
M83: The Southern Pinwheel
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html
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Ancient Martian Water Bodies Indicated by Wave Ripples
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The research associated with this finding was published in the journal Science Advances and involved a variety of scientists affiliated with the California Institute of Technology, including John Grotzinger—Harold Brown Professor of Geology—and Michael Lamb, Professor of Geology. They employed the data collected by NASA's Curiosity rover which discovered these ripple formations as it traversed the Gale Crater region in 2022.
According to postdoctoral scholar Claire Mondro, the formation of these ripples could only have occurred in open-water conditions interacting energetically with the atmosphere: "The shape of the ripples could only have been formed under water that was open to the atmosphere and acted upon by wind." This is an important realization that suggests a stable environmental scenario existed on ancient Mars.
DOI: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adr0010
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FDA bans Red No. 3 food dye in food, drinks
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Astronomy Picture of the Day - Jan 15 2024
Wolf Moon Engulfs Mars
Explanation: Does the Moon ever engulf Mars? Yes, but only in the sense that it moves in front, which happens on rare occasions. This happened just yesterday, though, as seen from some locations in North America and western Africa. This occultation was notable not only because the Moon was a fully lit Wolf Moon, but because Mars was near its largest and brightest, moving to opposition -- the closest to the Earth in its orbit -- only tomorrow. The engulfing, more formally called an occultation, typically lasts about an hour. The featured image was taken from near Chicago, Illinois, USA just as Earth's largest satellite was angularly moving away from the much more distant red planet. Our Moon occasionally moves in front of all of the Solar System's planets. Given the temporary alignment of orbital planes, the next time our Moon eclipses Mars will be a relatively soon February 9.
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A NASA astronaut may have just taken the best photo from space—ever - "During his third stay in orbit, Pettit is absolutely killing it."
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Artificial Motors Mimic Muscle Proteins for Innovation
The recent advancements in nanotechnology have paved the way for the development of artificial motors that closely replicate the natural mechanisms inherent in biological systems. A groundbreaking study from The University of Manchester, in collaboration with the University of Strasbourg, has introduced artificial rotary motors capable of mimicking muscle proteins. This innovation marks a significant step in understanding molecular machines and could have profound implications across various fields, including medicine, energy, and nanotechnology.
https://biohackers.media/artificial-motors-mimic-muscle-proteins-for-innovation/
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An ancient 3-star system gave this 'blue lurker' star a turbo boost, scientists find
"We have by and large been ignoring triples in models and simulations — we're just starting to understand how these types of systems evolve."
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NEW JWST IMAGE shows SEVENTEEN carbon dust shells around a binary star system
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Stem cells reverse woman’s diabetes — a world first
A 25-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes started producing her own insulin less than three months after receiving a transplant of reprogrammed stem cells1. She is the first person with the disease to be treated using cells that were extracted from her own body.
“I can eat sugar now,” said the woman, who lives in Tianjing, on a call with Nature. It has been more than a year since the transplant, and, she says, “I enjoy eating everything — especially hotpot.” The woman asked to remain anonymous to protect her privacy.
James Shapiro, a transplant surgeon and researcher at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, says the results of the surgery are stunning. “They’ve completely reversed diabetes in the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.”
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Check Out the Stunning New Images of Jupiter From NASA's Juno Spacecraft
NASA’s Juno spacecraft has just released stunning images of Jupiter, captured during its 66th flyby of the largest and oldest planet in our solar system.
The Juno mission has been studying the Jovian system—Jupiter, along with its rings and many moons—to learn about the giant planet’s formation and evolution with the hope that it might shed light on the development of the entire solar system, per a NASA statement. The solar-powered spacecraft launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, in August 2011 and reached Jupiter in July 2016.
“Jupiter is the Rosetta Stone of our solar system. Juno is going there as our emissary—to interpret what Jupiter has to say,” Scott Bolton, Juno principal investigator and associate vice president of the Southwest Research Institute’s Science and Engineering Division, says in the statement.
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We Just Got More Evidence That Long COVID Is a Brain Injury
The exact nature of long COVID is still coming to light, but we just got some of the best evidence yet that this debilitating condition stems from a brain injury.
Using high-resolution scanners, researchers at the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford have shown microscopic, structural abnormalities in the brainstems of those recovering from COVID-19.
Signs of brain inflammation were present up to 18 months after first contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
"We show that the brainstem is a site of vulnerability to long-term effects of COVID-19, with persistent changes evident in the months after hospitalization," the authors of the study conclude.
https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae215
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Mid-Infrared Flares in Sagittarius A*
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ESA's XMM-Newton spacecraft has detected an unprecedented X-ray signal coming from the very edge of a supermassive black hole.
This defies how we thought matter falls into black holes, and points to a potential source of gravitational waves for ESA’s future LISA mission.
(Artist impression: NASA/Sonoma State University, A. Simonnet)
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Amateur Astronomers Detect Voyager 1 Using Vintage 1950s Telescope After Glitch
And yet a team of amateur astronomers in the Netherlands was able to receive Voyager’s signals on a 1950s telescope designed to detect weak, low-frequency emissions from deep space: NASA uses the [Earth-based] Deep Space Network (DSN) to communicate with its spacecraft, but the global array of giant radio antennas is optimized for higher frequency signals. Though NASA’s DSN antennas are capable of detecting S-band missives from Voyager — it can also communicate in X-band — the spacecraft’s signal can appear to drop due to how far Voyager is from Earth. The Dwingeloo telescope, on the other hand, is designed for observing at lower frequencies than the 8.4 gigahertz telemetry transmitted by Voyager 1, according to the C.A. Muller Radio Astronomy Station… [W]hen Voyager 1 switched to a lower frequency, its messages fell within Dwingeloo’s frequency band. Thus, the astronomers took advantage of the spacecraft’s communication glitch to listen in on its faint signals to NASA.
The astronomers used orbital predictions of Voyager 1’s position in space to correct for the Doppler shift in frequency caused by the motion of Earth, as well as the motion of the spacecraft through space. The weak signal was found live, and further analysis later confirmed that it corresponded to the position of Voyager 1. Thankfully, the mission team at NASA turned Voyager 1’s X-band transmitter back on in November, and is currently carrying out a few remaining tasks to get the spacecraft back to its regular state. Fortunately, radio telescopes like Dwingeloo can help fill in the gaps while NASA’s communications array has trouble reaching its spacecraft.
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New Math Suggests 'Impossible' Third Type of Particle Could Exist
Quantum mechanics has long classified particles into just two distinct types: fermions and bosons.
Now physicists from Rice University in the US have found a third type might be possible after all, at least mathematically speaking. Known as a paraparticles, their behavior could imply the existence of elementary particles nobody has ever considered.
"We determined that new types of particles we never knew of before are possible," says Kaden Hazzard, who with co-author Zhiyuan Wang formulated a theory to demonstrate how objects that weren't fermions or bosons could exist in physical reality without breaking any known laws.
Fermions encompass fundamental particles that 'build' atoms, such as electrons and quarks. In more precise terms, they have a property that prevents them from occupying identical quantum states, effectively ensuring no two matching fermions can fill the same space.
"This behavior is responsible for the whole structure of the periodic table," says Hazzard. "It's also why you don't just go through your chair when you sit down."
Bosons are defined by a different measure to this property that allows them to pass right through one another like ghosts in a corridor.
Typically acting as force carriers like photons and gluons, bosons mediate interactions in ways that push and pull fermions into everything from protons to porcupines to potatoes to planets.
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