Programming Challenges

Rust: https://pastebin.com/frYcgdxh

Like last time, a brute force solution: checking if every substring is a set of well formed brackets, and, if so, recording it if its the longest seen so far.

C: gcc -O2 hard.c

This is very poorly written, but does seem to work.

The stack keeps track of the start of a match, and the character that would complete the match. In cases where a match just ended, the start is preserved (because two adjacent matches are effectively one), but the required matching character is changed to that of the new opening match.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stddef.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	char map[256] = { 0 };
	struct match {
		char const *start;
		char requirement;
	};
	char const *match_start;
	ptrdiff_t length = 0;
	char const *p;
	struct match *stack, *top;
	char opener;

	if (argc != 2) {
		fputs("Improper invocation\n", stderr);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	/* Initialise lookup table */
	map[')'] = '(';
	map[']'] = '[';
	map['}'] = '{';

	if (!(stack = calloc(sizeof(*stack), strlen(argv[1]) + 1))) {
		fputs("Allocation failure\n", stderr);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	/* Note: stack[0].requirement must be 0. This is satisfied by calloc. */
	top = stack;

	match_start = argv[1];
	for (p = argv[1]; *p; p++) {
		/* Are we a closing brace? */
		if ((opener = map[(size_t)*p])) { /* Yes */
			if (top->requirement == opener) {
				if (p - top->start >= length) {
					length = p - top->start + 1;
					match_start = top->start;
				}
				top[1].start = 0;
				top--;
			} else {
				top[1].start = 0;
				/* Set start to nullptr to invalidate the matches */
				while (top > stack) {
					top--->start = 0;
				}
			}
		} else { /* No */
			(++top)->requirement = *p;
			/* If we are right outside another match, we can use their pointer instead */
			if (!top->start) {
				top->start = p;
			}
		}
	}

	printf("%.*s\n", (int)length, match_start);

	free(stack);
}

I found this one easier than the medium as well. Maybe because I actually know a strategy for this one. Anywho, solution is in JavaScript. It's super ugly as I went for lowest character count, so no declarations, single char variable names, no semicolons, etc...

Basically use a anchor-runner pointer strategy to find a correct substring, I use a stack based solution for checking if the substring is correct. When the stack is empty, the substring is good, thus I record the start of it and its length. If, I get another good point, I just record the highest. If I hit a point where its no longer good, I jump the start to the end of the most recent good substring. Pretty fun.

Formatting screwed mine up, so heres a pastbin

Please feel free to suggest changes to make the code more efficient.

EDIT: for some reason, < is not showing up properly inside a code block. Kindly replace it with the right symbol when you test.

Python:

import sys

input_string = sys.argv[1]

matches = {
    "}": "{",
    "]": "[",
    ")": "("
}

bracket_matches_strict = []

def get_matching_substring_strict(string):
    substring = ''
    index_start = -1
    index_end = -1
    bracket_counts = {
        "{": 0,
        "[": 0,
        "(": 0
    }
    for index, letter in enumerate(string):
        if letter in matches.values():
            if index_start == -1:
                index_start = index
            substring += letter
            bracket_counts[letter] += 1
        if letter in matches.keys():
            if not substring:
                break
            if substring[-1] == matches[letter]:
                substring = substring[:-1]
                bracket_counts[matches[letter]] -= 1
                if not [cnt for cnt in bracket_counts.values() if cnt]:
                    index_end = index
                if [cnt for cnt in bracket_counts.values() if cnt < 0]:
                    break
            else:
                break

    if index_start != -1 and index_end != -1:
        matching_substring = string[index_start:index_end + 1]
        return len(matching_substring), matching_substring

for i in range(len(input_string)):
    bracket_substring_strict = get_matching_substring_strict(input_string[i:])
    if bracket_substring_strict:
        bracket_matches_strict.append(bracket_substring_strict)

print(sorted(bracket_matches_strict)[-1][1])

I actually found this challenge to be easier than this week's medium challenge. (Watch me say that and get this wrong while also getting the medium one correct...) Here's an O(n) solution:

bracket_pairs = {('(', ')'), ('[', ']'), ('{', '}')}

def main(brackets: str) -> str:
    n = len(brackets)
    has_match_at = {i: False for i in range(-1, n + 1)}
    acc = []
    for i, bracket in enumerate(brackets):
        acc.append((i, bracket))
        if len(acc) >= 2:
            opening_idx, opening = acc[-2]
            closing_idx, closing = acc[-1]
            if (opening, closing) in bracket_pairs:
                acc.pop(), acc.pop()
                has_match_at[opening_idx] = has_match_at[closing_idx] = True
    longest_start, longest_end = 0, 0
    most_recent_start = None
    for left_idx, right_idx in zip(range(-1, n), range(0, n + 1)):
        has_match_left = has_match_at[left_idx]
        has_match_right = has_match_at[right_idx]
        if (has_match_left, has_match_right) == (False, True):
            most_recent_start = right_idx
        if (has_match_left, has_match_right) == (True, False):
            most_recent_end = right_idx
            if most_recent_end - most_recent_start > longest_end - longest_start:
                longest_start, longest_end = most_recent_start, most_recent_end
    return brackets[longest_start:longest_end]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from argparse import ArgumentParser
    parser = ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('brackets')
    print(main(parser.parse_args().brackets))

We start off by doing the same thing as this week's easy challenge, except we keep track of the indices of all of the matched brackets that we remove (opening or closing). We then identify the longest stretch of consecutive removed-bracket indices, and use that information to slice into the input to get the output.

For ease of implementation of the second part, I modelled the removed-bracket indices with a dict simulating a list indexed by [-1 .. n + 1), with the values indicating whether the index corresponds to a matched bracket. The extra elements on both ends are always set to False. For example, {([])()[(])}()] -> FFTTTTTTFFFFFTTFF, and ([{}]) -> FTTTTTTF. To identify stretches of consecutive indices, we can simply watch for when the value switches from False to True (start of a stretch), and from True to False (end of a stretch). We do that by pairwise-looping through the dict-list, looking for 'FT' and 'TF'.

This is interesting, though I am 3 weeks late.

Raku code: https://glot.io/snippets/gonclpwl3p