Sounds like a case of X-Y problem
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Oh yes, X would be AMD fixing their defective USB controllers but that won't happen on a system produced years ago. 😂
It'll be compatible with 5 Gbps devices, but if you're intentionally looking to restrict even 10 Gbps devices down to 5 Gbps for some reason, you might be able to find something in your BIOS that lets you do that, or you can get a USB 3.0 extension cable that'll limit your speeds to 5 Gbps.
The extension cable is a great idea. I'm currently trying 5Gb hubs on the path. Seems to work.
E: I think the USB-A connector for 5Gb and 10Gb is the same. The 10Gb cable must simply carry double the rate without losing data due to noise. Similar to Cat 5 vs Cat 6 ethernet cables. If so an extension should keep the controller-advertised speed downstream. Seems like hubs are the only option.
There are powered extensions, so one of those might work, but a hub is certainly a comparable price and a more compact solution
Assuming you have a free PCIe slot, maybe just buy a PCIe USB card to use instead of what seems to be a faulty AMD USB controller.
Already done. I'm just trying to exhaust all the hypotheses I have in case I stumble upon a durable workaround that is applicable for others and cheaper. Good USB add-in cards are not cheap.
It will use whatever connection speed the device connected supports up to the speed of the host interface