What you ask is somebody writing a book that has already been written. I'm expecting the downvotes on this one, but I'm confident this is the right answer.
this post was submitted on 19 Aug 2024
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I would like someone to elaborate on how it feels to 'build' a system software by yourself with Arch and how it is reasonable to actually do so in a simple language.
It's not for everyone. I did it in a VM to practice and decided it's not for me. There's options like Archcraft and EndeavorOS that get you up and running with varying minimum installs, but you are correct that it's very minimal (on purpose). You get to decide what software goes on your system, and that's the core of the philosophy; you should know what you did, so when a problem occurs, you know what parts might be broken and what to research.
The Arch wiki is vital for anyone who wants a modern Desktop experience, and there's guides for pretty much everything, even down to switching to an immutable ostree setup. I have no idea how anyone might do it blind from scratch.
The setup is just a lot of sudo pacman -S and sudoedit /path/to/config. It's not that different from making changes in other distros.
So what are you wanting?
You can install a base Debian system and go from there. (Don't select extra packages in the installer)
Might not be a great place to start and not Arch Linux, but gentoo solved allowing for many possible configurations by giving each package several different installation options. This is possible because packages are compiled directly from source so the package can have several possible setting changed during compilation. The combinations of software that work are kept track of by a program (the package manager) which lets you know if any settings do not fit together.
On the other hand Linux distros like arch that use binary packages (already compiled) have to make a decision on what defaults or combinations of software to support. If installing packages seems straightforward, it’s because the package manager and the distro are designed well. Ideally, a distro has sane defaults and takes care of dependencies so you can focus on broad strokes (like choosing KDE vs Gnome).
You mentioned that this may be impossible to create for a single person and you would be correct. It took teams of people, years for the linux experience to be as it is (and constantly improving). And yes bugs do come up, which is why picking a well maintained distro is a good idea. Because people do fix bugs and hopefully the original developers of the software also improve their programs. That is one of the beautiful parts of open source software, that it brings together massive collaboration across projects. If for example, the maintainers of Debian find a bug in a package, than when they share it with the package developers and it is fixed, Arch Linux also gets the fix.
Though I have not done it myself, Linux from scratch is a way of seeing how much a distro puts into making a functioning system (as a fun side project). The Linux kernel might do a lot less than you are expecting.
When you install windows you expect a graphical interface, drivers pre installed, some basic apps like a web browser or text reader, and etc. on Linux someone had to put together those things. That’s why android and Arch Linux can both use the Linux kernel even if they look different.
There is a copy pasta about gnu/linux which makes fun of this, as well as endless debates about which user facing systems are better. It’s also why there are so many options to choose from on Linux. For example, Linux does not come with a desktop environment so you can pick which one you want (KDE and gnome as common examples).
I've installed Arch a dozen times at least over the years on various machines.
First off, some advice. People will tell you to watch videos or read some specific guide, and by all means do so to get an overview of the process, but I'd highly recommend double-checking everything against the official install guide. It's fairly terse but contains everything you need to do, and if you research the topics you don't understand you'll learn a lot quickly. This is best done in a virtual machine the first time unless you have a spare machine laying around.
Overall, it amounts to creating the install medium, booting it, any post boot configuration (including networking), partitioning and mounting your disk(s), writing some config files and installing the base packages and a bootloader, plus anything else you may need or want. I'm glossing over a lot of individual steps and "anything you may need or want" is essentially endless, but you get the point.
Overall it's involved but not terribly difficult. Like I think others have said, fairly similar to building a desktop from parts. Gentoo is a step up, and installing Linux From Scratch another few steps above that.