Although sea surface temperatures are also setting records this year, we have yet to feel the full impact of the warming of this phase of the Southern Oscillation.

For those in the US, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has yet to release data on August but found that July was the 11th-warmest month on record in the contiguous 48 states.

So far, it has worked out how climate change may have influenced three heat waves that happened earlier this year, along with the weather that fostered wildfires in Canada.

More relevant to this summer, the team looked at heat waves that struck China, Europe, and North America in July.

The attribution project looked at the warm and dry conditions that helped fuel the spread of these fires and found that climate change has made it twice as likely.

Combined, it's difficult to escape the conclusion that, for much of the Northern Hemisphere, the summer would have looked very different if it weren't for the climate change that our carbon emissions have driven.

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