I recommend watching TNG and DS9, interleaved in the order the episodes originally aired. Look at Memory Alpha and start in September 1987:
Then when you're ready to re-watch them both, on your second pass I recommend interleaving in Voyager and then continuing on to Enterprise:
VOY is nowhere near as good as TNG and DS9 in my book, but watching it interleaved with DS9 makes it better somehow. ENT is worse than VOY, but, if you enjoyed TNG and DS9 enough you'll probably watch it anyway.
Then, only after completing those four, preferably with at least two doses of TNG and DS9, you can move to the 60s and 70s and watch TOS and TAS, and then finally watch the new material (also in airing order).
Do not under any circumstances attempt to watch LD before you have completed all of the above curriculum, as you'll miss most of the references.