this post was submitted on 03 Sep 2024
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Linux

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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).

Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.

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Ever had a question about Linux but felt too afraid to ask? Well now's your chance, ask any question about Linux, no matter how noob or repeated it is, and I and others will help answer them.

Previous noob question thread: https://lemmy.ml/post/14261893

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[–] jonathanvmv8f@lemm.ee 4 points 2 months ago (4 children)
  1. For Linux enthusiasts, how do you decide which distro you would like to try out next among the plethora of options that are available? The difference I perceive between majority of distros gets smaller the more I try to understand about them.

  2. What are the minimum issues I am likely to face using the most beginner friendly distro like Mint for programming and light gaming?

  3. How customizable is the GUI in Linux Mint specifically? What if I want a start menu like Windows 10 with the app list and the blocky app tiles? What about those custom widgets I see in hardcore Linux users' desktops?

  4. I heard there is no concept of file extensions in Linux. How am I supposed to work on my projects that I imported from my Windows machine that do contain extensions?

Bonus: Who creates those distro icons in color coded ASCII in the system info command in the terminal?

[–] brejela@lemm.ee 3 points 2 months ago
  1. I don't distrohop. Instead I just use what works for me and what I find comfortable.

  2. You will eventually need to use the terminal. And it will be overwhelming at first. But eventually the learning curve flattens a little when you get more comfortable not breaking your system ;þ

  3. Can't comment

  4. File extensions are, in essence, nothing but a convention. You don't even need them in Windows, really (You can open a file with any program, for example, you will just not get anything useful from it). So it's far from a big deal.

[–] cyclohexane@lemmy.ml 3 points 2 months ago

For #1, I've made the realization that most distros are lightweight skins or addons on top of another distro. Most of the time, if you start with the base distro, all you have to do is install some apps, change some configurations, and suddenly you have that other distro. It is much easier than doing a reinstallation.

If you filter out all of these distros that only do a little on top of an existing, you're left with a quite small number actually. I'd bet it's less than 10 that are not super niche. Fedora, Arch, debian, gentoo, nixos are the big ones. There's some niche ones, like void Linux and Alpine.

So I'd say if you try all of those, you don't need to try any more 😁

[–] Occhioverde@feddit.it 3 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (1 children)

For the #4, the file extension can be seen just as a note, a little tag that'll help you (or anyone else that will receive your file) remember which program you should use to successfully open the file.

From the viewpoint of your computer, in fact, a file is just a sequence of bits and every program can open every file, only it will not be able to find what it expects and actually do something useful with it, just as you can open a book written in any possible language: in most cases you will unable to undestand it, in some others you will be able to read it without any problem.

The "concept" of extensions was than introduced to allow your file manager (Explorer for Windows, Finder for macOS, Dolphin for KDE or Nautilus for GNOME) to know which program to launch when you double click on a certain file through a simple association table (that you can edit in your system preferences).

In regards to Linux you can sometimes read that file extensions are not a thing, but this is just because in the commandline you launch a specific program that you personally point to a certain file, so there is no file manager that needs to guess which app should be launched to open the document you just double clicked on.

That said, I think that should be pretty clear that in a Desktop context (like in a Personal Computer) that double click on a file situation pretty much applies to Linux too, so extensions will be useful and respected by the file manager you'll find installed in your distro of choice, even if it can use other means when that is missing.

[–] yetAnotherUser@lemmy.ca 2 points 2 months ago (1 children)

I'm afraid this answer isn't 100% correct. There are ways to find out a file's type beyond looking at an extension. For example, there are lots of file formats where all of the files start with a specific sequence of bites, known as a file signature (or as "magic bytes" or "magic numbers").

You can try the file command line tool to check that you can find out a file's format without resorting to its extension, and you can read the tool's manpage to learn how it works.

[–] Occhioverde@feddit.it 4 points 2 months ago

Yes, I know about them and always prove extremely useful every time I receive a file with a wrong/no extension and have little clue about its content. But since the question was about how OP could work with "files with extensions" produced in Windows, I wanted to help clarify what are they, why they are used and that files do not need to be converted or whatever to be opened in Linux as it can "work with them" just fine.

[–] cyclohexane@lemmy.ml 2 points 2 months ago

For #2,

For gaming, if you use steam, you may not face more than the following:

  • game does not work with no well known way to resolve. You can find this out by checking protonDB
  • game does not work because it needs to enable some options. Very easy to fix, and you can find the options on proton db for each game.
  • does not work because you didn't setup steam right. You often need to enable proton, which in short is steam's emulator or windows
  • does not work because your gpu drivers did not install. This depends on distro and they should all have a guide on how to do it, but usually it is just a matter of installing something.

For programming, you will love your life because everything programming is way easier on Linux.